:root {
  --bg-primary: #fbfbf9;
  --bg-card: #ffffff;
  --bg-subtle: #f0f0ea;
  --text-primary: #1a1a1a;
  --text-secondary: #5c5b57;
  --text-muted: #888780;
  --accent: #b45309; /* Warm amber / editorial accent */
  --accent-subtle: #fef3c7;
  --border: #e6e5dd;
  --border-subtle: #f2f1ea;
  --header-border: #1a1a1a;
  
  --font-serif: "Newsreader", "Charter", "Georgia", "Iowan Old Style", "Times New Roman", serif;
  --font-display: "Playfair Display", "Newsreader", "Georgia", serif;
  --font-sans: "Plus Jakarta Sans", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  --font-mono: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, "SF Mono", Menlo, Consolas, monospace;

  --max-width-content: 720px;
  --max-width-layout: 1160px;
  --radius: 6px;
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  --shadow-md: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

[data-theme="dark"] {
  --bg-primary: #121212;
  --bg-card: #1a1a1a;
  --bg-subtle: #242424;
  --text-primary: #e6e6e6;
  --text-secondary: #a8a8a8;
  --text-muted: #707070;
  --accent: #d97706;
  --accent-subtle: #291e0a;
  --border: #2e2e2e;
  --border-subtle: #1e1e1e;
  --header-border: #e6e6e6;
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
  --shadow-md: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root:not([data-theme="light"]) {
    --bg-primary: #121212;
    --bg-card: #1a1a1a;
    --bg-subtle: #242424;
    --text-primary: #e6e6e6;
    --text-secondary: #a8a8a8;
    --text-muted: #707070;
    --accent: #d97706;
    --accent-subtle: #291e0a;
    --border: #2e2e2e;
    --border-subtle: #1e1e1e;
    --header-border: #e6e6e6;
    --shadow-sm: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    --shadow-md: 0 4px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
  }
}

*, *::before, *::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

body {
  background-color: var(--bg-primary);
  color: var(--text-primary);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  line-height: 1.75;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  transition: background-color 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease;
  min-height: 100vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Header & Masthead */
.masthead-container {
  max-width: var(--max-width-layout);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 2.5rem 1.5rem 1.5rem;
  width: 100%;
}

.masthead-top {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.masthead-title {
  text-align: center;
  margin: 2rem 0 0.5rem;
}

.masthead-title h1 {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 5.5vw, 4rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  line-height: 1.1;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.masthead-tagline {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.masthead-divider {
  border: none;
  border-top: 3px double var(--header-border);
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

/* Nav & Filter Pills */
.filter-bar {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  overflow-x: auto;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  scrollbar-width: none;
}
.filter-bar::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none;
}

.filter-pill {
  padding: 0.4rem 0.95rem;
  background: var(--bg-subtle);
  border-radius: 9999px;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  white-space: nowrap;
  font-weight: 600;
  cursor: pointer;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
  transition: all 0.15s ease;
}

.filter-pill:hover {
  border-color: var(--border);
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.filter-pill.active {
  background: var(--text-primary);
  color: var(--bg-primary);
  border-color: var(--text-primary);
}

/* Theme Toggle Button */
.theme-toggle {
  background: none;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 9999px;
  padding: 0.3rem 0.75rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}
.theme-toggle:hover {
  color: var(--text-primary);
  border-color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* Grid & Layout */
.zine-container {
  max-width: var(--max-width-layout);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 1.5rem 4rem;
  width: 100%;
  flex: 1;
}

/* Lead / Hero Story */
.hero-article {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  background: var(--bg-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 1.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transition: transform 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.15s ease;
}
.hero-article:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

@media (min-width: 800px) {
  .hero-article.has-image {
    grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 0.9fr;
    gap: 2.5rem;
    align-items: center;
  }
}

.hero-image-wrap {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  max-height: 380px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--bg-subtle);
}

.hero-image-wrap img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

/* Section Grids */
.section-title {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}
.section-title::after {
  content: "";
  flex: 1;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--border);
}

.article-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(320px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.article-card {
  background: var(--bg-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 1.5rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transition: transform 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.15s ease;
}

.article-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.card-meta {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
}

.card-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.28;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.card-subtitle {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  flex: 1;
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.card-footer {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
  padding-top: 0.75rem;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

/* Reader View / Single Article */
.reader-navbar {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  background: var(--bg-primary);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  z-index: 100;
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
}

.back-link {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}
.back-link:hover {
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.article-container {
  max-width: var(--max-width-content);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 3rem 1.5rem 6rem;
}

.article-header {
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  text-align: left;
}

.article-pub-badge {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.article-page-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 5vw, 3.2rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.18;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.article-page-subtitle {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  font-style: italic;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.article-byline {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  display: flex;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding: 0.75rem 0;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

/* TTS Player Component */
.tts-player-container {
  margin: 0 0 2.5rem 0;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  background-color: var(--bg-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
}

.tts-trigger-button {
  background: var(--bg-subtle);
  color: var(--text-primary);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 9999px;
  padding: 0.6rem 1.4rem;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.tts-trigger-button:hover {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #ffffff;
  border-color: var(--accent);
}

.tts-trigger-button .tts-icon {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.tts-trigger-button:hover .tts-icon {
  color: #ffffff;
}

.tts-loading-wrap {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

.tts-spinner {
  width: 18px;
  height: 18px;
  border: 2.5px solid var(--border);
  border-top-color: var(--accent);
  border-radius: 50%;
  animation: tts-spin 0.8s linear infinite;
}

@keyframes tts-spin {
  to { transform: rotate(360deg); }
}

.tts-active-player {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.tts-player-top {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1rem;
  width: 100%;
}

.tts-control-btn {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #ffffff;
  border: none;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  transition: transform 0.1s ease, opacity 0.2s ease;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}

.tts-control-btn:hover {
  opacity: 0.92;
  transform: scale(1.04);
}

.tts-scrub-container {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}

.tts-seek-bar {
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  appearance: none;
  width: 100%;
  height: 6px;
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: var(--border);
  outline: none;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.tts-seek-bar::-webkit-slider-thumb {
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  appearance: none;
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: transform 0.1s ease;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
}

.tts-seek-bar::-webkit-slider-thumb:hover {
  transform: scale(1.2);
}

.tts-seek-bar::-moz-range-thumb {
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent);
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
}

.tts-player-bottom {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  padding-top: 0.25rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border-subtle);
}

.tts-time-display {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
}

.tts-speed-selector {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
}

.tts-speed-label {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  margin-right: 0.25rem;
}

.tts-speed-btn {
  background: var(--bg-subtle);
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.6rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  transition: all 0.15s ease;
}

.tts-speed-btn.active {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #ffffff;
  border-color: var(--accent);
}

.tts-speed-btn:hover:not(.active) {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  color: var(--accent);
}

.tts-error-wrap {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  color: #ef4444;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
}

.tts-retry-button {
  background: var(--bg-subtle);
  color: var(--text-primary);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 0.3rem 0.8rem;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  cursor: pointer;
}

/* Sanitized Substack Content Styling */
.article-body {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  line-height: 1.85;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.article-body p {
  margin-bottom: 1.65rem;
}

.article-body h2, .article-body h3, .article-body h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.3;
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: var(--text-primary);
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.article-body h2 {
  font-size: 1.7rem;
}

.article-body h3 {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
}

.article-body blockquote {
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
  padding-left: 1.5rem;
  margin: 1.75rem 0;
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

.article-body ul, .article-body ol {
  margin: 1.5rem 0 1.75rem 2rem;
}

.article-body li {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.article-body img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  margin: 2rem 0 0.5rem;
  display: block;
}

.article-body figure {
  margin: 2rem 0;
}

.article-body figcaption {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
}

.article-body a {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.article-body hr {
  border: none;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  margin: 3rem 0;
}

/* Footer */
footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding: 2.5rem 1.5rem;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: auto;
}

/* Interactive Model Fallback Card */
.interactive-model-card {
  margin: 2.25rem 0;
  padding: 1.5rem 1.75rem;
  background: var(--bg-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.interactive-model-header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6rem;
}

.interactive-model-icon {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
}

.interactive-model-title {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--text-primary);
}

.interactive-model-desc {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin: 0;
}

.interactive-model-btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  align-self: flex-start;
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
  padding: 0.6rem 1.1rem;
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  background-color: var(--accent);
  border-radius: var(--radius-sm, 6px);
  text-decoration: none !important;
  transition: background-color 0.15s ease, transform 0.15s ease;
}

.interactive-model-btn:hover {
  background-color: var(--accent-hover, #b84025);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}